The filter is not what you're thinking of in the traditional sense of cleaning or refining.
The filter is used as a medium to separate the oil from the air/oil mixture of the
Positive Crankcase Ventilation system aka PCV.
Many PCV systems today do not use a valve. Instead, a series of baffles and/or small orifices are use.
The amount of air/oil entering the Oil Separator aka 'Catch Can' is dependent on manifold vacuum,
which is a factor of the driver or 'nut behind the wheel'.
Adjustment of the 'nut behind the wheel' will ... --- ... never mind . . off topic.
Anyhow, the mesh used in the Oil Separator catches the heavier oil particles and only the air passes back into the intake system.
So, the filters are nothing more than a Separator of Oil from Air.