Well the facts for oil are really tight today. Back in the day we ran 30w its what we all had its what we all used. Mulit-viscosity oil came along and its designed for the first number with the w for lowest temperature viscosity (means flows more like water). As it gets hot it thickens hence the second number. Our trucks have very close tolerance and although it will flow, just thickens more if its 30 instead of 20. Meaning your flow rate for how fast oil gets in and out of bearings, cams, rods, and the like its going to take longer , get hotter and have more build up. So the long and short of it is to run the correct oil. In the case you mix one quarts of 10w30 with 5 quarts 5w20 the damage or change to the viscosity is negligible. There are two ways in which oil viscosity is measured: single grade and multi-grade. SAE 30 is a typical single-grade rating. That means that an organization called the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) ran the oil through a standardized tube-like device and timed how long it took, in seconds, to flow from one end to the other. The viscosity rating is the number of seconds rounded to the nearest multiple of ten. Thus, SAE 30 oil takes approximately 30 seconds to flow through the tube. This single viscosity rating is sometimes called the oil's "weight."Unfortunately, oil changes its viscosity with temperature and the single viscosity rating only represents the flow of oil when it's warm. What if you need to start your car on a cold winter morning? The oil will flow more slowly, so the cold viscosity rating is important too. A multi-grade rating gives you both the hot and cold viscosities. For 10W-30 oil, the 30 is the same as the SAE 30 viscosity rating for warm oil, but the 10W is the viscosity rating for cold oil, according to a standardized rating system developed by the SAE for winter oil use. And that’s more than you wanted to know about oil….