How the heck did I miss this New Member thread that starts off with a question about how to wash a black Raptor?
Epic fail...
Anyway...
Welcome to the forum @
AlbanyRaptor!
Congrats on your Raptor!
The best way to wash a vehicle, especially a black one, is by hand with good quality products and tools, along with proper technique.
Now what does that mean? Depends on your definition of what clean is and how you want the exterior to look. If "clean" just means NOT covered in dirt, then your washing regimen would be different then if "clean" also means shiny, in which case more effort, better products/tools and proper technique is required.
Improper washing or using low quality products will result in micro-scratching and swirls, which may not be super-noticeable the first time you wash, but the cumulative effect over multiple washes results in dull-looking paint. This is also evident when the reflection of the sun brings out thousands on swirls and fine scratches that look like spider webs.
Since you asked about automatic car washes, I will say that they are very bad for the paint, since the spinning brushes are typically always dirty, having washed hundreds of vehicles between cleanings. Some of the worst paint I have seen are on vehicles that make weekly trips through the tunnel wash.
While the touch-less car washes may not use brushes, they do use harsh chemicals (since it does have to clean without touching) that are also hard on paint and especially rubber and plastic trim. These harsh chemicals can dry or bleach out plastic and rubber, and also oxidize the clear coat. I have seen vehicles that have trim so bleached-out you would not know that it used to be black.
At the risk of starting an argument or offending people, I will say that anyone who says they use the automatic car wash and doesn't get swirls either has poor eyesight or does not know what a swirl is. But, if you are only looking to get the dirt off, and don't care if the paint ends up dull and swirled, then carry on.
So that leaves the "hand-wash" places. These are really hit-or-miss on the results being harmful for the paint. It all depends on who is washing it, what tools they have, and how fast their boss makes them work. There are good hand-wash places out there, I have seen cars that go to certain ones every week and are still in decent shape, and there are places that can hammer your paint in one visit.
A good example of a bad hand-wash is at my local auto dealer that I used to have service my old truck. I did not use their wash service, but would watch the person, since the wash bay could be seen from the service counter area. The person would use a brush on a pole, and had very bad technique. He would go around the vehicle, but from bottom to top and top to bottom without any rinsing of the brush. Scrubbing the tires on a muddy truck and then going straight to the paint on the upper areas without rinsing the brush is sure to scratch the heck out of it.
Finally, the self-service pay-and-spray is a good option if you can't wash at home, or it is winter, or you need a pressure washer to get the mud off. The tips for these are to NOT use the brush, it is likely dirty and can even be full of sand or gravel. Only use the RINSE option with the wand, to avoid the harsh soaps and other chemicals. The better option is to bring your own buckets and a good quality, pH neutral car shampoo (not dish detergent), and your own wash mitt that is clean and properly cared for. Then use some good technique to keep your paint in good shape.
To make cleaning easier, a layer of protection with a sealant or wax helps make the dirt come off with less scrubbing, and the sealant or wax will also help prevent oxidation of the clear coat.
If your goal is to have paint that looks better than new, a machine polishing is needed, along with some sealant and/or wax to add more depth and shine.
Let me know if you have any questions.
-Dan