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What?
Wheel/tire is in a fix location in relation to the knuckle as defined by the hub. Alignment does not change the geometry of the hub to knuckle joint it changes the geometry of the knuckle to frame via control arm and tie rod adjustments.
I'm going with this was caused by the aftermarket zip tie putting the vacuum line close enough to the tire for it to get caught and rub through. Take that off before you take it to the dealer if your going to try to get a warranty fix on it.
looking at the pictures, 37's on stock rims will cause that kind of rubbing, they should be on a wider rim with a closer to 0 or a negative offset. Putting 37's on a wheel that is not as wide and is also a +34 offset is IMHO, what is causing that rubbing. That rubbing is indeed possibly what is causing the hub to grind since it could have ruined the air line. The good thing is, that air line is cheap and very easy to replace. As for the oil, I have to say that I doubt it is simple oil spillage from an oil change, just because that picture was taken on the passenger side of the truck from behind the lower control arm, not from the front of the driver lower control arm. The oil drain/filter, etc is on the front of the engine on the driver side so that wouldn't make sense. I would follow the "cleaned" or shiny part up to the source and get a picture of where it begins and we can better help with where it is coming from. My guess? without seeing anything else, you may have a PCV hose leaking oil. But that is without seeing anything more than that picture.