Disabling BMS impacts two things (1) the load shed strategy during high load scenarios (for example, you might notice heated seats/heated steering wheel turns off temporarily) and (2) the alternator will never be in free spin mode, meaning the battery will be constantly charging.
I disagree with the item #2 where you state the alternator will never be in a
free spin mode.
As an electronics technician, I can assure you that the alternator's job is to ALWAYS charge the battery and supply all of the electrical power needs of the vehicle.
To make sure I wasn't passing on bad info, I checked with a buddy of mine who was a Ford master tech and he confirmed what I learned in electronics school.
In modern Alternators the rotor's magnetic field is produced by a field coil electromagnet. Alternators use a rotor winding which allows control of the alternator's generated voltage by varying the current in the rotor field winding.
A voltage regulator (which is NOT the
BMS) controls the field current of the electromagnet to keep output voltage constant. If the output voltage from the stationary armature coils drops due to an increase in demand or slower RPM, more current is fed into the rotating field coils through the Voltage Regulator. This increases the magnetic field around the field coils which induces a greater voltage in the armature coils. The output voltage is then brought back up to its original value.
This is why an alternator can and will produce the same output voltage at any RPM. Slower RPM, the voltage regulator increases the current to the electromagnet, maintaining the set voltage. Higher RPM, the voltage regulator reduces the current to the electromagnet to maintain the set voltage.
According to my buddy, Ford introduced the BMS when vehicles started using the Auto Start/Stop (A.S.S.) systems. The BMS's job is to reduce the load on the electrical system (if needed) when the truck turns off when the A.S.S. engages at a stop, in order to protect the battery from discharging too much and ensure the truck has enough battery power to restart when you release the brake.